- Reference
- Pl.Icon.Ined. Tab.32 (1790)
- Conservation Code
- Not threatened
- Naturalised Status
- Alien to Western Australia
- Name Status
- Current
Caespitose annual, grass-like or herb, 0.2-0.6 m high. Fl. purple-green, Jul to Nov. White or grey sand, loam. Sand dunes.
Distribution
- IBRA Regions
- Avon Wheatbelt, Carnarvon, Coolgardie, Esperance Plains, Geraldton Sandplains, Hampton, Jarrah Forest, Mallee, Murchison, Swan Coastal Plain, Warren, Yalgoo.
- IBRA Subregions
- Dandaragan Plateau, Eastern Mallee, Edel, Fitzgerald, Geraldton Hills, Hampton, Katanning, Lesueur Sandplain, Merredin, Northern Jarrah Forest, Perth, Recherche, Southern Cross, Southern Jarrah Forest, Tallering, Warren, Western Mallee, Western Murchison, Wooramel.
- IMCRA Regions
- Abrolhos Islands, Central West Coast, Leeuwin-Naturaliste, WA South Coast.
- Local Government Areas (LGAs)
- Albany, Augusta Margaret River, Beverley, Broomehill-Tambellup, Bunbury, Busselton, Cambridge, Capel, Chapman Valley, Cockburn, Coorow, Corrigin, Cranbrook, Cuballing, Cunderdin, Dalwallinu, Dandaragan, Dardanup, Denmark, Dowerin, Dundas, Esperance, Gingin, Gnowangerup, Goomalling, Greater Geraldton, Harvey, Jerramungup, Joondalup, Kalamunda, Kellerberrin, Kondinin, Manjimup, Melville, Merredin, Moora, Morawa, Mundaring, Murray, Narembeen, Narrogin, Nedlands, Northam, Northampton, Perenjori, Perth, Pingelly, Plantagenet, Ravensthorpe, Rockingham, Shark Bay, South Perth, Stirling, Swan, Tammin, Toodyay, Trayning, Victoria Plains, Wagin, Wandering, Waroona, Wickepin, Williams, Wongan-Ballidu, Woodanilling, Wyalkatchem, Yalgoo, Yilgarn, York.
Management Notes (for the Swan NRM Region)
General Biology. Growth form. Grass. Life form. Annual, caespitose. Reproduction. Seed. Dispersal. Water, wind, mammals, slashing. Photosynthetic Pathway. C3. Seedbank persistence. 1+ years. Fire response. Increases in cover by mass germination of soil-stored seed.
Notes. Has staggered germination.
Additional information. Origin. Namibia, South Africa. History of use/introduction. Animal fodder. Similar exotic species. Ehrharta calycina.
Suggested method of management and control. Hand remove small infestations. Alternatively spray with Fusilade Forte® 30 ml/10 L or 1.6 L/ha (based on 500 L water/ha) + wetting agent or for generic fluazifop-p (212g/L active ingredient) 18ml/10L or 1L/ha + wetting agent before flowering stem emerges, or at 3-5 leaf stage. Secondary seedling flush often occurs, repeat treatment if necessary. Read the manufacturers' labels and material safety data sheets before using herbicides. For further information consult the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority to determine the status of permits for your situation or state.
Management Calendar
| Calendar Type | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active Growth | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | ||||||
| Germination | Y | Y | Y | ||||||||||
| Flowering | Y | Y | Y | Y | |||||||||
| Fruiting | Y | Y | |||||||||||
| Optimum Treatment | Y | Y | Y |
Legend: Y = Yes, regularly, O = Occasionally, U = Uncertain, referred by others but not confirmed.
References
- Blood, K. (2001) Environmental weeds: a field guide for SE Australia. C.H. Jerram and Associates, Melbourne.
- Brown, K. & Brooks, K. (2002) Bushland Weeds: A Practical Guide to their Management. Environmental Weeds Action Network, Greenwood.
- Hussey, B.M.J., Keighery, G.J., Dodd, J., Lloyd, S.G. & Cousens, R.D. (2007) Western Weeds. A guide to the weeds of Western Australia. 2nd Edition. The Plant Protection Society of Western Australia, Victoria Park.
- Milberg, P. & Lamont, B.B. (1995) Fire enhances weed invasion of roadside vegetation in southwestern Australia. Biological Conservation, 73 (1): 45-49.
- Moore, C.B. & Moore, J.H. (2002) Herbiguide, the pesticide expert on a disk. Herbiguide, PO Box 44 Albany, Western Australia, 6330.
- Moore, J.H. & Wheeler, J. (2008) Southern weeds and their control. DAFWA Bulletin 4744.
- Muyt, A. (2001) Bush invaders of South-East Australia: A guide to the identification and control of environmental weeds found in South-East Australia. R.G. & F.J. Richardson, Melbourne.