- Reference
- Sp.Pl. [Linnaeus] 1:346 (1753)
- Conservation Code
- Not threatened
- Naturalised Status
- Alien to Western Australia
- Name Status
- Current
Annual or perennial, herb, 0.15-1 m high. Fl. yellow, Nov or May. Sandy soils. Roadverges, railway lines.
Distribution
- IBRA Regions
- Jarrah Forest, Swan Coastal Plain, Warren.
- IBRA Subregions
- Northern Jarrah Forest, Perth, Warren.
- Local Government Areas (LGAs)
- Armadale, Augusta Margaret River, Bunbury, Capel, Cockburn, Dardanup, Gosnells, Harvey, Kwinana, Melville, Mundaring, Murray, Serpentine-Jarrahdale.
Management Notes (for the Swan NRM Region)
General Biology. Growth form. Herb. Life form. Perennial. Reproduction. Seed.
Additional information. Origin. Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay. Similar exotic species. Oenothera laciniata, O. drummondii, O. affinis.
Suggested method of management and control. Control in seedling stage, as older plants are relatively resistant to herbicides, including glyphosate. Hand remove small populations, ensuring removal of entire root stystem. Spot spray chlorsulfuron 0.4 g/10 L + spray oil. Read the manufacturers' labels and material safety data sheets before using herbicides. For further information consult the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority to determine the status of permits for your situation or state.
Management Calendar
| Calendar Type | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active Growth | U | U | U | U | U | U | U | ||||||
| Germination | U | U | U | ||||||||||
| Flowering | Y | Y | O | Y | Y | ||||||||
| Fruiting | U | U | U | ||||||||||
| Manual Removal | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | |
| Herbicide Treatment | U | U | U | U |
Legend: Y = Yes, regularly, O = Occasionally, U = Uncertain, referred by others but not confirmed.
References
- Bromilow, C. (1995) Problem plants in South Africa. Briza Publications, Arcadia, South Africa.
- Brown, K. & Brooks, K. (2002) Bushland Weeds: A Practical Guide to their Management. Environmental Weeds Action Network, Greenwood.
- Burnside, O.G., Wilson, R.G., Sanford Weisberg, S. & Hubbard, K.G. (1996) Seed longevity of 41 weed species buried 17 years in Eastern and Western Nebraska. Weed Science, 44: 74-86.
- Hussey, B.M.J., Keighery, G.J., Dodd, J., Lloyd, S.G. & Cousens, R.D. (2007) Western Weeds. A guide to the weeds of Western Australia. 2nd Edition. The Plant Protection Society of Western Australia, Victoria Park.
- Moore, C.B. & Moore, J.H. (2002) Herbiguide, the pesticide expert on a disk. Herbiguide, PO Box 44 Albany, Western Australia, 6330.
- Moore, J.H. & Wheeler, J. (2008) Southern weeds and their control. DAFWA Bulletin 4744.
- Swarbrick, J.T. & Skarratt, D.B. (1994) The bushweed 2 database of environmental weeds in Australia. The University of Queensland, Gatton College.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program (2009) Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysimple.aspx - Accessed October 2009.