- Reference
- Lam., Encycl. 8:257 (1808)
- Conservation Code
- Not threatened
- Naturalised Status
- Alien to Western Australia
- Name Status
- Current
Slender, erect annual, herb, 0.1-0.5 m high. Fl. yellow/orange/cream-white, Jul to Dec. Weed of roadsides & waste places.
Distribution
- IBRA Regions
- Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Esperance Plains, Geraldton Sandplains, Jarrah Forest, Mallee, Swan Coastal Plain, Warren, Yalgoo.
- IBRA Subregions
- Dandaragan Plateau, Eastern Mallee, Edel, Fitzgerald, Geraldton Hills, Katanning, Lesueur Sandplain, Merredin, Northern Jarrah Forest, Perth, Recherche, Southern Cross, Southern Jarrah Forest, Tallering, Warren, Western Mallee.
- IMCRA Regions
- Central West Coast, WA South Coast.
- Local Government Areas (LGAs)
- Albany, Armadale, Augusta Margaret River, Belmont, Beverley, Boyup Brook, Broomehill-Tambellup, Busselton, Canning, Capel, Carnamah, Chapman Valley, Chittering, Cockburn, Collie, Coorow, Corrigin, Cranbrook, Cuballing, Cunderdin, Dalwallinu, Dandaragan, Dardanup, Denmark, Dowerin, Dumbleyung, Dundas, Esperance, Gingin, Gnowangerup, Goomalling, Gosnells, Greater Geraldton, Irwin, Kalamunda, Katanning, Kellerberrin, Kent, Kondinin, Koorda, Kulin, Lake Grace, Mandurah, Melville, Merredin, Mingenew, Moora, Morawa, Mount Marshall, Mundaring, Murray, Narembeen, Narrogin, Nedlands, Northam, Northampton, Perenjori, Perth, Pingelly, Plantagenet, Quairading, Ravensthorpe, Rockingham, Serpentine-Jarrahdale, South Perth, Swan, Three Springs, Toodyay, Trayning, Victoria Plains, Wagin, Wandering, Wanneroo, Waroona, West Arthur, Wickepin, Williams, Wongan-Ballidu, Woodanilling, Wyalkatchem, Yalgoo, Yilgarn, York.
Management Notes (for the Swan NRM Region)
General Biology. Growth form. Herb. Life form. Annual. Reproduction. Seed. Dispersal. Wind, adhesion, soil movement.
Notes. Pollinated by bees, wasps, butterflies and spiders. Fruits have both pappus and hairs, so are easily dispersed by wind. Has generally faster, less variable and higher germination rates compared with native annual species, giving it a competitive advantage. Can be abundant immmediately post-fire in banksia woodland, particularly after autumn rather than spring burning, and then declines over time. Responds more positively to higher nutrient additions than native annual Asteraceae species, thus may have a competitive advantage in nutrient enhanced situations, particularly following fire.
Additional information. Origin. Namibia, South Africa. History of use/introduction. Ornamental.
Management Calendar
| Calendar Type | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germination | Y | Y | |||||||||||
| Active Growth | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | |||||||
| Flowering | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | |||||||
| Fruiting | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Legend: Y = Yes, regularly, O = Occasionally, U = Uncertain, referred by others but not confirmed.
References
- Brown, K. & Brooks, K. (2002) Bushland Weeds: A Practical Guide to their Management. Environmental Weeds Action Network, Greenwood.
- Hobbs, R.J. & Atkins, L. (1990) Fire-related dynamics of a Banksia woodlands in south-western WA. Australian Journal of Botany, 38: 97-110.
- Hussey, B.M.J., Keighery, G.J., Dodd, J., Lloyd, S.G. & Cousens, R.D. (2007) Western Weeds. A guide to the weeds of Western Australia. 2nd Edition. The Plant Protection Society of Western Australia, Victoria Park.
- Milberg, P., Lamont, B.B. & Pérez-Fernández, M.A. (1999) Survival and growth of native and exotic composites in response to a nutrient gradient. Plant Ecology, 145 (1): 125-132.
- Schutz, W., Milberg, P. & Lamont, B.B. (2002) Seed dormancy, after-ripening and light requirements of four annual Asteraceae in South-western Australia. Annals of Botany, 90: 707-714.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program (2009) Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysimple.aspx - Accessed October 2009.