- Reference
- Hort.Kew. 3:367 (1789)
- Conservation Code
- Not threatened
- Naturalised Status
- Alien to Western Australia
- Name Status
- Current
Tree or (conifer), 2-40 m high, monoecious; leaves in pairs, 15-30 cm long; cones with numerous scales; seeds winged. Fl. Sep to Oct. Sand, grey sandy clay, loam. Gentle slopes, edge of tracks, disturbed land.
Distribution
- IBRA Regions
- Avon Wheatbelt, Jarrah Forest, Swan Coastal Plain.
- IBRA Subregions
- Katanning, Northern Jarrah Forest, Perth, Southern Jarrah Forest.
- IMCRA Regions
- WA South Coast.
- Local Government Areas (LGAs)
- Albany, Armadale, Augusta Margaret River, Busselton, Cuballing, Esperance, Gingin, Harvey, Manjimup, Murray, Serpentine-Jarrahdale, Waroona, Woodanilling.
Management Notes (for the Swan NRM Region)
General Biology. Growth form. Tree. Reproduction. Seed. Dispersal. Wind, birds. Time to first flowering. 7 years. Vegetative regeneration strategy. Does not resprout or produce root suckers. Woody structure. Non porous. Seedbank persistence. Short, days-1 year. Fire response. Hot fire will kill mature trees, cooler fire will only kill younger trees. Following fire seed is released from cones and mass germination occurs in the post fire environment.
Additional information. Origin. Mediterranean Region, north-western Africa. History of use/introduction. Commercial plantations.
Suggested method of management and control. Hand pull or dig out seedlings ensuring removal of main root. Fell mature plants below any branches. Monitor site for seedling recruitment. Read the manufacturers' labels and material safety data sheets before using herbicides. For further information consult the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority to determine the status of permits for your situation or state.
Management Calendar
| Calendar Type | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flowering | O | Y | Y | O | |||||||||
| Fruiting | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| Germination | Y | Y | Y | Y | |||||||||
| Optimum Treatment | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Legend: Y = Yes, regularly, O = Occasionally, U = Uncertain, referred by others but not confirmed.
References
- Brown, K. & Brooks, K. (2002) Bushland Weeds: A Practical Guide to their Management. Environmental Weeds Action Network, Greenwood.
- Burrows, N., Ward, B. & Robinson, A. (2000) Behaviour and some impacts of a large wildfire in the Gnangara maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) plantation, Western Australia. CALMScience, 3 (2): 251-260.
- Fernandes, P.M. & Rigolot, E. (2007) The fire ecology and management of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.). Forest Ecology and Management. Citation: Forest Ecology and Management. 2007. 241: 1/3, 1-13., 241 (1/3): 1-13.
- Hussey, B.M.J., Keighery, G.J., Dodd, J., Lloyd, S.G. & Cousens, R.D. (2007) Western Weeds. A guide to the weeds of Western Australia. 2nd Edition. The Plant Protection Society of Western Australia, Victoria Park.
- Muyt, A. (2001) Bush invaders of South-East Australia: A guide to the identification and control of environmental weeds found in South-East Australia. R.G. & F.J. Richardson, Melbourne.
- Navie, S. & Adkins, S. (2008) Environmental Weeds of Australia, An interactive identification and information resource for over 1000 invasive plants. Centre for Biological Information Technology, The University of Queensland.
- Richardson, D.M. (ed.) (1997) Ecology and biogeography of Pinus. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- Wilgen, B. W. van, Siegfried, W. R. (1986) Seed dispersal properties of three pine species as a determinant of invasive potential. South African Journal of Botany, 52 (6): 546-548.